Annotated Bibliography On Management And Business: Organizational Structures, Environmental Forces, Risks, Business Practices, And Diverse Form Functions Essay.

This  written assessment is designed to assist you to develop your knowledge of management and business contexts. The secondary purpose of this assessment task is to give you the opportunity to enhance skills in research, professional responsibility, and written communication.

Your task is to compile an annotated bibliography of five recent (2014-2018) peer reviewed journal articles from the list of journals provided. You cannot use articles from any other journals and you cannot use the journal articles that are prescribed as weekly readings.

You are required to:

Identify five (5) journal articles that match the first five topics of this unit. That is, you must find one journal article per topic:

a. Organisational structures or governance,

b. Environmental forces,

c. Risks confronting the firm,

d. Organisation and business practices, and

e. The functions of diverse firms.

The process of decision making has significant value in improving the growth of the company. The contextual factors help the researcher to evaluate the ongoing issues during the research. Along with that it facilitates in making decisions of the company that is entirely relied on the planning of the organisation. The main aim of this research is to emphasise the factors that affect the decision-making approach of the company. It is the annotated bibliography that will entail five contextual factors by taking consideration of the selected journal articles. The organizational structure is important for the business as it impacts the employees of the company. Along with that, the discussion will be made on the risk confronting the firms, environmental forces, business practices and diverse form functions.

Quigley, T. J., & Hambrick, D. C. (2015). Has the “CEO effect” increased in recent decades? A new explanation for the great rise in America's attention to corporate leaders. Strategic Management Journal, 36(6), 821-830. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2258 

This article portrays the importance of the organizational structure as it is discussed about the American business landscape. This article depicted a new vantage in order to bring understanding regarding of CEO significance that happened in recent decades. It has been found under this article that the organizational structure is influenced many factors of the organization that can pout positively or adversely impacts the performance. The main motive of this article is to highlight the importance of the CEO presence in the management because the behavior of top authority leads by the followers that affect whole organization significantly or insignificantly. It has bee discussed under this article that CEO can understand the firm effect in case they move from one place to another. Many journal articles, books and online sources have been contributed in this article to contribute in an effective manner. it has been found that CEO should be quite good by his skills as CEO is the role model of the company and entire employees try to find something to learn from CEO and negative influence can hamper the position of the company in the view of the outsiders

In the context of the new findings, it has been found that this article has been based on the activity of CEO that can put an impact on the organisational structure. It has been discussed under this article that CEO liable for a huge part of the entire variance. Over the research noticed time span, individual CEO performs in well manner in the firm. The new findings would be helpful for the manager in the organization because the mentality of making the good image on the employees lead the business in the growth path. 

Leonidou, L. C., Fotiadis, T. A., Christodoulides, P., Spyropoulou, S., & Katsikeas, C. S. (2015). Environmentally friendly export business strategy: Its determinants and effects on competitive advantage and performance. International Business Review, 24(5), 798-811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2015.02.001 

There are a plenty of issues taken place in the business due to the natural environment. The contextual factors under this article are the environmental forces that elaborate on the issue of exporters. This study has entailed the exporting manufacturers that investigate the internal as well as external determinants of green export business strategy. Internal and external factor impact the competitive advantages of the company. It has been found under this article that the external forces entail some role in the form of the foreign environmental public and competitive intensity. On the other hand, internal factors include organizational green culture and top management green sensitivity in developing the environment-friendly export business strategy.

Environmental forces

The new finding of this article portrays the importance of the environment forces including internal as well as external forces among organizations developing the industrial goods. Moreover, it has been found that this kind of strategy facilitates in affecting in a positive manner to the export product differentiation benefits but there was no effect on cost leadership benefits. The manager would be facilitated from this findings due to depth information regarding the internal as well as external factors which can put effect on the performance of the business.

Martin, G. Washburn. N. Makri. M. & Gomez-Mezia, L.R. 2014. Not all Risk Taking is Born Equal: The Behavioral Agency Model and CEO's Perception of Firm Efficacy. Human resource management Review. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21624

The article depicts the various kinds of risk under this assignment in which the major aim of this article is to investigate the bonding between agent risk bearing and the outcomes of the risk-taking the approach, by evaluating the contingency effort of CEO apparent firm efficacy. It is the article in which the research has discussed the behavioral agency model which is beyond predictions of risk. It has been argued in this article that the CEO risk bearing put a positive impact on the performance of the company due to the upper level of perceived firm efficacy. It has been found that the higher level of efficiency can be reduced in vice versa.

The new findings of this article suggest that risk is a necessary to factor for the company to grow significantly by attaining the competitive advantages. It has been demonstrated by the new findings that the use of firm efficacy helps in investigating the effect of CEO risk bearing on the outcomes of the performance and gives the insight that the pay-performance relationship of CEO is attracted through the perception of CEO of firm efficacy. With taking consideration of the new findings, the manager would be facilitated in taking risk but with full of care. Along with that, the behavioral agency model facilitates the manager to take appropriate action regarding risk.

Antonacopoulou, E. P., & Sheaffer, Z. (2014). Learning in crisis: Rethinking the relationship between organizational learning and crisis management. Journal of Management Inquiry, 23(1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492612472730

The contextual factor of organization practices has been discussed under this article as the main concept of the suggested article is the learning in crisis which is considered as the mode of the learning majorly in chaotic times. The article has highlighted the theoretical integration of organizational learning along with the literature related to crisis management. The importance of the business practices has been elaborated under this article which has been promoted by learning in crisis (LIC). It has been analyzed through this journal article that the LIC develops the significance of practicing and gives an idea for rethinking the process of learning which is linked with the failure of the organization.

The new findings through this article suggest that LIC provides an approach for linking in learning and in crisis through getting attention on their relational dynamics. It has been found that the LIC model is the emergency model which can be used in case of any issues within the organization. The hope has been expressed by the researcher that organization embraces this social complexity in a more comprehensive manner. The author demonstrated that LIC is not only the process of inheriting learning traps which can be ignored but also political, psychological, social and emotional aspects of learning are amalgamated by the researcher. The new findings will be helpful for the manager in the organization to know more about the impact of the learning in crisis by which he could take an appropriate action in developing echniques.

Menz, M., Kunisch, S., & Collis, D. J. (2015). The corporate headquarters in the contemporary corporation: Advancing a multimarket firm perspective. The Academy of Management Annals, 9(1), 633-714.

It has been depicted by the researcher under this article that there is number of organizations that deal with the operation in different manner. The main motive of this journal article is to elaborate the multimarket firm perspective. The discussion has been made in this article is taking consideration of the Corporate Headquarter (CHQ) in which it is divided into two units. It has been found that the focus towards performing within the organization is different from each other as the first stream has focused on the CHQ in the different firm, on the other hand, the focus of another stream in the concerns of CHQ in the different national firm. This article has drawn attention of both business practices. The benefits of the organization have been elaborated under this article

It has been found in the context of the new findings that the research has covered important aspect related to the functions of different firms. The author has been developed the theories and models in order to fetch information related to the proposed topic. The overall purpose of this research is to focus on the contribution of the understanding of the contemporary corporation. These new findings would be facilitated the manager in the organization to take a decision by taking consideration of the function of diverse firms because the function of the organization is dependent on some motives. The manager could not be biased after getting depth understanding of the contextual factor of functions of diverse firms.

Conclusion

It can be concluded from above discussion that the role of the contextual factor in business process is integral. It has been analyzed from above discussion that environmental forces are the major contextual factor from which the company can know the internal as well as external threat. The new findings of each contextual factor have been elaborated in order to give support to the manager of the organization to run business in an effective manner.