Sustainable Energy Use: Goals, Calculating Emissions, Carbon Trading, and Energy Alternatives

Describe and illustrate the goals of sustainable energy use.

Students will be able to:

1. Describe and illustrate the goals of sustainable energy use.
2. Describe general approach to calculating greenhouse gas emissions.
3. Describe the process of carbon trading and the role of carbon offsets and renewable energy credits.
4. Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable energy alternatives.
5. Describe examples of distributed generation, including combined heat and power systems and on-site energy systems using renewable energy sources.
6. Explain the purpose and process of buyback and net metering.
7. Describe the organization and pricing practices of the natural gas and electric industries.
8. Describe tools and strategies to help SFPs improve the sustainability of facility energy purchasing practices, including metering, load shedding and shifting, energy
management systems and demand response.
9. Describe the role of commissioning, energy audits, building automation systems and energy performance contracting in optimizing facility energy performance.
10. Illustrate the purpose and benefits of performing a Triple Bottom Line analysis on energy initiatives.
11. Provide examples of energy initiatives undertaken in facilities and their results.

One of the first steps in improving a facility’s energy use is to gather information about what energy the facility uses and how it is procured. SFPs must be able to answer the following questions:

1. What is the organization’s carbon footprint strategy? Have reduction goals been set and tactics chosen?
2. What forms of energy does the facility use? How much energy does it consume? Who is the energy purchased from? How is that energy priced? Chapter 1: Energy IFMA 21 Edition 2015, Version 3.1 All rights reserved Printed on 100% post-consumer waste recycled paper. The plastic case is 50% post-consumer waste recycled product.
3. What role does renewable energy play in the facility? Is the facility required by organizational commitment (i.e., a sustainability plan) or by law to use a certain amount of renewable energy? Can energy produced on site be sold back to the energy company?
4. How is the energy that is used by the facility priced?
5. Where and when does the organization use that energy? When are energydependent activities performed? Are they time-sensitive? How vulnerable to interruption in power are these activities?
6. What actions can the SFP take to decrease the amount of energy consumed by the facility and/or its impact on society, the environment and the organization itself? 

1. Which of the following statements about air side economizers is correct? Select two.

1. Humidity and CO2 levels must be monitored. PG 48
2. An air side economizer uses dampers to mix cooler outside air with warmer facility air. Pg 48
3. Air side economizers work best in office building applications.
4. Air side economizers can remove humidity from facility air.

2. Which of the following statements about ensuring occupant visual comfort is correct? Select three.

1. Glare is most easily reduced by decreasing the amount of natural light in a room.
2. Daylighting is an issue of both energy efficiency and occupant productivity. (158)
3. Occupant satisfaction with facility lighting is frequently rated poorly. (158)
4. Flicker is more common in older fluorescent fixtures. (158)
5. Increasing the contrast between targeted and background lighting will decrease glare. (Pg 158)

Describe general approach to calculating greenhouse gas emissions.

3. Which of the following metrics is desirable from a sustainable workplace management perspective? Select two.

1. High churn rate
2. High utilization rate (128)
3. Low churn rate (128)
4. Desk to occupant ratio of 1.3 to 1

4. Which area of water consumption will probably represent the largest share of use for a typical office building?

1. Landscape irrigation (20%)
2. Domestic use (41%) (pg90)
3. Kitchen (1%)
4. Cooling and heating (27%)

5. What factors should be considered in a Triple Bottom Line assessment of a bike to work program? Select three.

1. Effect on occupant health and safety (p187)
2. Impact on use of fossil fuels
3. Impact on facility productivity (p187)
4. Impact on facility appearance
5. Cost of installing showers and lockers

6. An organization uses copiers and printers extensively throughout the facility. What are the best ways a Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) could improve this facility service? Select three.

1. Consolidate copiers and printers into one area. (179)
2. Recycle toner cartridges. (179)
3. Purchase paper with high percentage of post-consumer content. (179)
4. Reduce print quality on all machines to reduce amount of toner used.
5. Work with occupants to reduce printing needs.

7. A facility is located at the top of a hill in an industrial park in a region that receives a high level of rainfall, often in heavy amounts. It has a large, flat roof with rain gutters that direct storm water towards the facility parking areas which are served by a system of storm water inlets that direct runoff into the municipal storm water system. Sometimes the rain overwhelms the inlets and flows over the property towards the downhill neighboring facility. Some areas of the facility property have become eroded. The Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) is preparing to propose funding a project to divert precipitation from the roof into bio-retention areas created at various points around the building. What benefits can the SFP cite to building owners? Select two.

1. The initiative will enhance the organization's image as a good community member.
2. Bio-retention areas will decrease the facility's expenses in repairing erosion.
3. Bio-retention areas are a low cost alternative to erosion repair jobs since bio-retention areas require no maintenance once they are installed.
4. The initiative will reduce stress on the building envelope.

8. Which of the following would be considered a possible point source of pollution in a facility? Select three.

1. A truck washing bay (Pg241)
2. Landscaped area above a stream flowing past the facility
3. General facility parking area
4. Pile of salt/sand mixture for winter road deicing(Pg241)
5. Refueling area for landscaping machinery(Pg241)

9. What types of metrics can be used to help facility managers benchmark and measure the efficiency of their workplace management efforts? Select two.

1. Utilization rate (P128)
2. Absentee rate
3. Desk to occupant ratio (P128)
4. Lost days rate

10. An organization committed to reporting sustainability according to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards has always drawn its water, via public sources, from a large lake. The lake's size has been shrinking because of withdrawals from new development. How could this organization be affected by GRI performance indicators for sustainable water use? Select two.

1. GRI performance indicators refer to withdrawals from vulnerable water sources. (Pg86)
2. If the lake is the organization's sole source of water, it is not obliged to report the withdrawals.
3. GRI guidelines require remediation actions in cases such as the one described.
4. If the facility's withdrawals are considered significant, the organization should consider reporting this fact. (pg 86)

11. The term thermal emissivity refers to:

1. the selectivity of a material in absorbing only certain types of solar energy.
2. the rate at which a material releases heat. (Pg247)
3. the amount of heat a substance can store.
4. the ability of a surface material to shed heat by reflecting it back into the atmosphere.

12. An organization wants to follow the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) guidelines in its annual sustainability report. Which of the following metrics related to site impact does GRI recommend for reporting purposes? Select three.

1. Size and location of restored wildlife habitats (Pg 237)
2. Volume and quality of planned and unplanned water runoff (Pg 237)
3. Environmental impacts of facility transportation(Pg 237)
4. Total area of facility property
5. Number of occupants

13. Which of the following statements about a facility's lighting system is true? Select two.

1. Occupant productivity depends in part on facility lighting. (Pg 171)
2. Maintaining the aesthetic objectives of architects and designers should not factor into an analysis of an initiative aimed at improving the energy efficiency of facility lighting.
3. Adhering to guidelines defining adequate lighting levels will ensure that a facility's lighting design is sustainable.
4. Changes in facility lighting can affect energy performance in other core building systems.

14. Who are the most important groups to inform about the progress of the recycling program? Select two.

1. Recycling vendor
2. Local government agencies
3. Occupants (219)
4. C-Suite (219)

15. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) managing a leased commercial building mentions to the building owners that talks with one of the tenants, a fitness center, have been scheduled to see how the tenant could help the facility increase its sustainable practices. The owners are puzzled and ask what role this tenant could play. What would be the best way for this tenant to contribute?

1. The center could curtail its hours of operation to save energy.
2. The center could allow the SFP to place sustainable literature in their changing rooms.
3. The center could offer discounted membership to other facility occupants.
4. The center and facility could collaborate on providing shower and locker accommodations to occupants commuting by bicycle.

Describe the process of carbon trading and the role of carbon offsets and renewable energy credits.

16. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) for a hotel is considering a capital investment in air source heat pump water heaters for both the kitchen and laundry areas. The kitchen is large and busy most of the day with guest and meeting services. The laundry operates primarily at night, to lower energy use during the highest rate periods and to lower facility peak demand. In a Triple Bottom Line Analysis of this initiative, which of the following questions reflect an economic perspective? Select two.

1. Will the change impact the ability of these areas to perform these critical services?
2. What is the payback period for this investment?
3. How will the change affect working conditions for occupants in these areas?
4. What will be the reduction in carbon emissions related to this change?

17. In some cases, actions aimed at improving a facility's sustainability can result in decreased occupant acoustic comfort. Which of the following actions would illustrate this? Select two.

1. High performance windows (PG160)
2. Increased supply of fresh air
3. Use of underfloor air distribution systems
4. Decrease in carpeting and fabric wall/window coverings

18. A furniture making facility includes a manufacturing floor, materials storage area, employee break rooms and an office area crammed with electronics, printers and copiers. The facility is located in an agricultural area, amid fields that are periodically sprayed with herbicides and pesticides. The locale is very sunny and humid. The facility has expanded over the years. A warehouse/garage area was added several years ago when capacity for shipping and receiving outgrew the original building. There is a livestock operation upwind from the facility. Occupants try to mask the livestock odors with scents and ozone air purifiers. The air distribution system uses fiberglass insulation in the ductwork. The facility management area is chronically understaffed and turnover is high. They primarily respond to emergencies as they arise but are not able to perform preventive maintenance. Which of the following factors could be considered outside threats to facility indoor air quality (IAQ)? Select two.

1. Air purifiers
2. Humidity (moisture only)
3. Air pollution from neighboring facilities (Pg143)
4. Air distribution ductwork
5. Dust from fabrication area (indoor)

19. Which of the following statements about water resources is correct? Select three.

1. Water is a limitless resource because of the environment's ability to generate water from the atmosphere.
2. Availability of water is tied to economic development.
3. The expectation of unlimited available water leads to increased pressure on water resources.
4. The natural hydrological cycle balances increased water withdrawals.
5. Water is not an infinite resource.

20. Which of the following statements about ventilation and indoor air quality (IAQ) in facilities is correct? Select two.

2. A key indicator of the adequacy of facility ventilation is the level of CO2. (Pg145)
3. Many IAQ issues are attributed to inadequate ventilation. (Pg 145)
4. The fresh air rate should be calculated based on maximum occupant capacity to ensure acceptable IAQ. (Pg 145)
5. The major factor in calculating the fresh air rate is the area of the facility to be ventilated.

21. Global Reporting Initiative performance indicators recommend that organizations report the amount of primary fuel used to produce the secondary energy consumed by the facility. Why is this important?

1. This fuel tends to produce more carbon emissions and pollutants.
2. This number correlates well to a facility's overall energy efficiency.
3. This amount more accurately reflects the facility's true energy consumption.
4. It is required in all standard calculations of a facility's energy use intensity (EUI). (Pg29)

22. Which of the following would help assess the sustainability of a facility's meeting services? Select two. Pg 180

1. Evaluate the waste generated from meetings
2. Determine the average length of offsite meetings
3. Measure occupant satisfaction with amenities at offsite meeting locations
4. Estimate the distance occupants travel to attend meetings

23. Which of the following characteristics should be considered when purchasing equipment used to maintain a sustainable facility? Select three.

1. Ergonomic characteristics
2. Acoustic levels
3. Ability to accomplish tasks more quickly
4. Fuel source
5. Compact size

24. Why should a Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) be familiar with local water resources, issues and regulations? Select two.

1. Local issues can affect future pricing and availability of water and influence facility actions.
2. Possible shortages could be managed by stockpiling water reserves from current deliveries.
3. Restrictions on water use can affect facility policies and procedures.
4. Local restrictions can increase energy costs.

25. Which of the following is an example of post-consumer waste? Select two. (Pg193)

1. Sugar beet pulp from refinery process sold for livestock feed
2. Wood scraps in a building materials factory
3. Plastic bottles processed into building materials
4. Recyclable product packaging

26. Which of the following performance indicators related to indoor environmental quality (IEQ) are recommended for organizations using the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) metrics for sustainability? Select two.

1. Prevention measures related to handling of hazardous materials
2. Surveys of occupants for satisfaction with indoor environment
3. Absentee rate (Pg140)
4. Carbon dioxide parts per million
5. Average occupant space allocation

Distinguish between renewable and nonrenewable energy alternatives.

27. Ultraviolet lamps improve indoor environmental quality by:

1. destroying mold spores. (Pg147)
2. destroying ozone emitted by office equipment.
3. sanitizing facility surfaces.
4. supplementing light spectrum lost in conventional facility lighting.

28. A small consulting firm that specializes in working with clients to develop innovative products is committed to sustainability. With the help of the Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP), the company has committed to a number of sustainability initiatives in the office, but realizes that a substantial amount of its carbon footprint derives from the consultants' air travel to client sites. Company leaders ask the SFP for advice. What would be the best advice the SFP could give them? Select two.

1. Buy carbon offsets from a reputable source.
2. Accept this as a business necessity.
3. As partners with their clients, the firm should combine its carbon footprint with those of its clients and work with them to decrease the joint carbon footprint.
4. Travel only on airlines that have published sustainability plans.
5. Suggest the firm install videoconferencing capabilities.

29. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) has received complaints from occupants in one leased area about the effect of air quality on their health and comfort. Some occupants complain of sinus infections and asthma attacks. What steps would be most effective in helping the SFP respond to this complaint in a sustainable manner? Select three. (Pg171)

1. Install UV lamps in major junctions in ductwork.
2. Survey and tour the facility to identify processes and products that could be emitting irritants.
3. Increase the overnight purge of facility air.
4. Conduct tests in this area and other control areas to measure levels of CO2, molds and bacteria and viruses.
5. Inspect filter, dampers and ductwork.

30. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) manages a cooling system that includes three cooling towers. The cooling towers have not yet reached half of their scheduled service life and are still functioning well. What could the SFP do to improve the water efficiency of the system? Select two.

1. Recommend replacement of cooling towers with new, more efficient systems.
2. Decrease the number of cooling towers.
3. Install automated chemical water treatment system.
4. Implement preventive and predictive maintenance of cooling towers.

31. An organization has decided to invest in modular furniture and an open floor plan, with low cubicle walls, in its new facility. For a Triple Bottom Line analysis of this proposal, which of the following questions focuses most closely on the equitableness of the initiative?

1. Will the increase in flexibility reduce occupant morale and satisfaction with the facility?
2. Will the arrangement lower carbon emissions?
3. How can the initiative decrease lighting use?
4. How does this plan compare in price with other options?

32. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) serves on a senior management committee that is looking into ways to increase the organization's sustainability. One proposal is that all areas complete Total Cost of Ownership analyses when making purchases above a certain level, either as a single purchase or cumulatively for repeat purchases during a year. The SFP applies the Triple Bottom Line perspective to this proposal. What would be an appropriate question to ask to assess environmental bottom line? Select two.

1. Do department leaders have required expertise to complete this type of analysis?
2. How will product environmental claims be validated?
3. Will the proposal result in purchasing decisions that reduce unnecessary use, relieve pressure on finite resources and produce less waste?
4. Will purchases meet the needs of occupants?

33. Which of the following structures in the United Kingdom would be required to display an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)? Select two.

1. A newly built church
2. An existing building for either residential or commercial use that was sold during the previous year
3. A newly built commercial structure intended for leasing
4. A plant nursery building operating only during the growing/planting season

34. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) measures the light at the facility property line that is cast by a security light. The light meter measures illumination at 1.4 light trespass ratio. On the other side of the property line is a residential development. The fixture is operated by a motion detector and is therefore not on all the time. Does this situation constitute a light trespass problem?

1. The light meter reading is appropriate for this type of property.
2. Because the light operates only intermittently, the average illumination is within sustainable parameters.
3. The light level is excessive and will affect the well-being of neighbors.
4. The facility should not spill more light over its property line than it is receiving from the neighboring property.

Describe examples of distributed generation, including combined heat and power systems and on-site energy systems using renewable energy sources.

35. Which of the following formulas are used to determine a facility's energy use intensity? Select two.

1. Annual building energy use/average number of occupants
2. Annual building energy use/building area
3. Building area/annual building energy use in kBtus or MJ
4. Average number of occupants/building area
5. Building area/annual building energy use in currency

36. Which of the following systems are considered "core" buildings systems? Select three.

1. Transport
2. Office computer systems
3. All windows and doors
4. Domestic water heating
5. Space heating and cooling

37. Which of the following factors directly contributes to the creation of heat islands? Select three.

1. Building materials
2. Light color of surfaces
3. Higher proportion of trees
4. Building height
5. High proportion of dark surfaces

38. What is the purpose/goal/focus of ISO 14001?

1. Recovering material for recycling.
2. Eliminating municipal solid waste and select industrial wastes.
3. Designing and implementing an effective environmental management system.
4. Collecting, organizing, analyzing, and reporting solid waste information.

39. A magnahelic gauge is used to indicate changes in:

1. magnetic imbalances.
2. air flow rate.
3. fresh air supply.
4. CO2 levels.

40. A facility ferments crop waste to heat the facility and power turbines to generate electricity. This is an example of:

1. converting biomass into combustible natural gas.
2. using biomass for onsite heat and/or power generation.
3. recycling organic materials.
4. heat transfer.

41. Poor site storm water management can negatively affect municipal storm water systems by: Select two.

1. Retaining storm water on the site.
2. Depriving systems of naturally occurring nutrients.
3. Increasing the amount of contaminants that must be removed or treated.
4. Directing too much storm water into a system during a rain event.

42. A demand controlled ventilation system has been installed in a theater complex with multiple stages, rehearsal areas and lobbies. It is a warm summer night and audiences are entering the building. The system controller detects that the CO2 level has been reached. What will happen next?

1. An exhaust system will be initiated to expel facility air.
2. The system dampers will close.
3. An alarm will sound in a maintenance area, where the appropriate action can be taken.
4. System dampers will open to admit more outside air.

43. Which of the following are commonly measured to assess a facility's indoor air quality? Select three.

1. Microbial and mold spore levels
2. Humidity
3. Carbon dioxide levels
4. Fragrance
5. Oxygen levels

44. Which of the following statements about the benefits of replacing plumbing fittings and fixtures is correct? Select two.

1. Most of the benefit in replacing facility toilets will be seen in replacements of fixtures that are more than 30 years old.
2. Plumbing offers the simplest opportunity for increasing the efficiency of facility water use.
3. Infrared sensors on faucets save water by decreasing waste through leaks.
4. Low flow aerators can reduce water flow up to 75%.

45. The sustainability assessment frameworks LEED and BREEAM award points for sustainable facility purchasing policies that: Select two.

1. favor technologically innovative products.
2. define carbon footprint.
3. define a specific percentage of organically grown food.
4. require management of suppliers and contractors.
5. include materials used for facility alterations and additions.

46. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) has created a list of hazardous materials that are used and stored in the facility. The materials are all kept in one place, and the SFP inspects it regularly to ensure that the temperature is appropriate and there are no leaks. What additional steps could the SFP take to improve the sustainability of hazardous materials use in the facility? Select three.

1. Restrict knowledge of what materials are present to prevent unauthorized access to them.
2. Repackage particularly hazardous materials in sturdier containers.
3. Inspect training logs to confirm staff completion of training in materials handling and use.
4. Communicate with the fire department about hazardous materials stored onsite.
5. Educate staff and occupants about what to do in case of a spill.

47. A global Internet organization shifts its processing tasks around the globe as the day progresses to reduce peak electrical use. This is an example of an organization: Select two.

1. fulfilling its obligation to be socially responsible.
2. increasing the use of renewable energy.
3. reducing its energy costs.
4. decreasing use of natural gas.

48. A combined heat and power (CHP) system includes a device to generate heat, a device to generate electricity, a heat exchange mechanism and:

1. a submeter.
2. a heat collector
3. a connection to facility electric system.
4. a source of renewable fuel.

49. Which of the following statements best defines the term building commissioning? Building commissioning is:

1. the process of turning responsibility for a facility's operation over to building owners/operators.
2. modeling a facility under anticipated conditions to create a benchmark of energy efficiency.
3. a process of verifying and documenting that facility systems are performing as intended at design or installation.
4. a thorough examination of the manner in which facility systems consume energy.

50. Sustainable efforts directed at occupant transportation use could benefit the environment by: Select three.

1. Decreasing storm water runoff.
2. Lowering public transit costs.
3. Increasing capture of solar thermal energy.
4. Lowering greenhouse gas emissions.
5. Decreasing heat island effect.

51. Which of the following sustainable energy initiatives is an example that reduces the use of finite resources? Select two.

1. Purchasing only appliances and equipment branded as energy saving
2. Switching from coal-fired boilers to natural gas
3. Installing micro wind turbines on facility parking lot light poles
4. Lobbying local governments for regulations permitting energy buyback

52. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) is researching possible properties for expanding the organization's footprint. Which of the following factors would detract from the usefulness of a building's energy use intensity (EUI) as a tool for comparing options? Select two.

1. The previous tenants had negotiated different rates with their energy companies.
2. The buildings have experienced very different levels of occupancy over the annualized period.
3. One of the properties included its underground parking area in its total area.
4. All the properties use source energy.
5. The buildings are of different ages.

Explain the purpose and process of buyback and net metering.

53. Which of the following conditions contributes to the creation of glare? Select two.

1. Reflection from light shining on surface
2. Extreme contrasts in levels of lighting
3. Light shelves
4. Light color rating
5. Use of recessed lighting fixtures

54. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) wants to assess the sustainability of the facility's mail, shipping and delivery handling services. Which of the following metrics would be most applicable? Select two.

1. Carbon footprint of delivery processes for facility supplies
2. Policy restricting sending of occupant personal mail
3. Volume of total mail received/sent
4. Decrease in volume of junk mail received by occupants

55. If an organization has committed to using Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) metrics to report its performance in sustainability, a facility manager may need to collect certain data related to energy use. Which of the following data might be reported under GRI energy performance indicators? Select three.

1. Direct emissions of GHG from facility processes
2. Inventory of facility equipment and efficiency ratings
3. Direct energy consumption by primary energy source
4. Sales of indirect energy
5. Energy savings in facility due to conservation initiatives

56. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) has supported the organization's shift towards a more collaborative workspace. What are the two primary problems the SFP should be prepared to encounter as a result of the facility change? Select two.

1. Occupant complaints about unequal work area allocation
2. Resistance from decision makers to investments in web conferencing technology
3. More complaints about conversation noise
4. Increased complexity of scheduling conference rooms

57. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) should be concerned about maintaining the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of the facility because of: Select three.

1. the development of IEQ issues can void a building's warranties.
2. the effect of IEQ issues on the service life of facility buildings.
3. ethical responsibility for occupant wellbeing.
4. the risk potential for litigation over occupant injuries.
5. the impact of IEQ on occupant productivity.

58. To preserve facility indoor air quality (IAQ), Sustainability Facility Professionals (SFPs) should ensure separation of occupant working areas from areas that contain frequently operating printers and copiers. What is the most important reason for this?

1. Paper products emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
2. This equipment produces ozone, a respiratory irritant.
3. Frequent operation can cause acoustical discomfort.
4. The light can cause glare issues.

59. Which of the following steps are included in the waste hierarchy model?

1. Prevention, minimization and disposal
2. Prevention, recovery and refurbishment
3. Environmental, social and economic
4. Substitute, reuse and recycle

60. Pyrolysis and gasification are forms of:

1. recycling processes.
2. thermal treatment.
3. composting methods.
4. waste disposal.

61. Lamp life is defined as:

1. the length of time during which the lamp emits the number of lumens listed on packaging.
2. an average length of service provided by 100 sample lamps of similar type.
3. an anticipated failure point defined by an international standards setting group.
4. the point at which half of similar lamps can be expected to fail. (looked up)

62.  Which of the following tools could be used to measure the sustainability of facility workplace management? Select two.

1. Counting unassigned desks
2. Organizational profitability
3. Energy invoices
4. Occupant surveys

63. An organization has committed to sustainable operations, including sustainable procurement. How does this organizational commitment directly affect facility professionals? A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) might have to: Select three.

1. revise supplier practices to increase their sustainability.
2. calculate and compare true total cost of ownership for materials alternatives.
3. develop a sustainability assessment tool to use for screening potential vendors
4. use data from suppliers to calculate and compare their carbon footprints.
5. verify sustainable claims made by suppliers.

64. The environmental benefits of installing a bioretention area could include: Select three.

1. Treatment of potentially hazardous chemicals
2. Preventing sedimentation of nearby stream
3. Improvement of site aesthetic appeal
4. Creation of wildlife habitat
5. Lowering temperature of facility storm water runoff

65. From a triple bottom line perspective, what would be appropriate questions to ask to determine if a sustainability meeting policy initiative is "viable"? Select two.

1. What information can be provided to increase occupant acceptance of the policy?
2. What additional costs will result from selecting compliant sites and vendors?
3. How will the policy reduce use of finite resources?
4. Do restrictions on meetings and location pose a threat to the organization's productivity?

66. Which of the following are examples of passive energy strategies? Select two.

1. Daylight sensors
2. Applying window film to decrease solar heat gain
3. Adjusting building temperature setpoints seasonally
4. Powering down a computer system when it is not in use

67. In a retail store, which of the following categories of waste management would most likely be considered targeted materials? Select two.

1. Fluorescent lamps
2. Packing materials
3. Glass
4. Food scraps

68. Installing a daylight sensor is a sustainable lighting action because a daylight sensor:

1. amplifies available natural light through architectural features.
2. lowers artificial lighting when adequate daylight is available.
3. uses the building automation system to turn off artificial lighting during daylight periods.
4. replaces lighting produced with electricity with lighting produced by solar power.

69. Which of the following would be considered sustainable practices in maintaining the facility hardscape? Select two.

1. Operating loud maintenance equipment during low occupancy periods
2. Revising exterior maintenance procedures to use low VOC sealants
3. Using diesel fuel pathway sweepers
4. Calibrating ice removal equipment to increase brine application and melt ice more quickly

70. The goals of sustainable use of materials and resources include: Select two.

1. reducing an organization's materials consumption by not purchasing unnecessary materials.
2. customizing products to meet facility needs and preferences.
3. increasing the use of recycled materials within the facility.
4. doing business with similarly minded organizations.

71. Which of the following sustainable facility management actions can improve both energy efficiency and indoor air quality (IAQ)? Select two.

1. High efficiency air filters
2. Ultraviolet lamps
3. Demand-controlled ventilation
4. Cleaning supplies with high pH levels
5. Variable speed drives

Describe the organization and pricing practices of the natural gas and electric industries.

72. Which of the following is an example of distributed generation? Select two.

1. Solar photovoltaic panels installed on the facility roof
2. Combined heat and power system
3. Building automation system
4. Contract to purchase electricity produced by renewable generators located at different points on the power grid

73. Vegetative roofs reduce the heat island effect by: Select three.

1. Diverting precipitation into networks of cooling tubes installed across the roof.
2. Reducing heat transfer by means of their insulating properties.
3. Using plants' natural processes to shed accumulated heat continually.
4. Shading the roof from direct solar rays.
5. Reflecting solar energy back into the atmosphere.

74. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) cannot find any practical means to recycle facility waste. Which of the following is the most viable option?

1. Donate as much as possible.
2. Combust material onsite.
3. Purchase more electronics designed for recycling.
4. Reduce consumption.

75. Which of the following is an example of biomimicry used to create a more sustainable facility site?

1. Planting non-invasive species
2. Promoting walking or biking to work
3. Installing a rain garden
4. Using vinegar-based exterior cleaners

76. Churn refers to:

1. the anticipated term of service for office furnishings, walls, cabling and so on.
2. the amount of time it takes to adapt an existing leased space to a new tenant.
3. the rate of relocation of occupants in response to reorganization, workforce reductions and workforce additions or transfers.
4. anticipated levels of turnover within an organization's workforce.

77. Which of the following would be considered a sustainable alternative when repaving facility parking areas, roadways or walkways? Select three.

1. Light colored paving materials
2. Dark asphalt
3. Crushed rock
4. Chip sealed asphalt
5. Porous concrete with a thin overlay of asphalt

78. The two primary benefits of sustainable workplace management are: Select two.

1. decreasing the space required by the organization.
2. eliminating churn.
3. increasing the productivity of occupants.
4. adapting physical workspace to organizational strategies.

79. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) is planning a new recycling program and is trying to decide whether to use single stream or dual stream collection. The program came about as the result of numerous occupant requests for recycling opportunities. The facility generates a large amount of paper and plastic waste that can be recycled. A recycling service provider is interested but pays less for comingled recycling. Organization management supports the concept of sustainability but consistently asks about economic benefits or liabilities when initiatives are proposed. What would be the best choice and why?

1. Dual stream, because occupants will probably cooperate and management will want higher returns.
2. Single stream, because of the limited amount of waste type the facility generates.
3. Dual stream, because occupants are familiar with recycling.
4. Single stream, because it will address the organization's economic concerns.

80. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) is designing a facility recycling program and is conducting a Triple Bottom Line analysis of the initiative to confirm proceeding with a proposal to upper management. Which of the following questions reflect the need for the initiative to be bearable? Select two.

1. How will this initiative affect the facility's waste handling costs?
2. Will occupants participate in the program?
3. Will the facility's recycling process affect the use of finite materials?
4. How will occupants be affected by adoption of a facility-wide recycling program?

81. Which of the following surfaces probably has highest solar reflectivity index (SRI)?

1. A sloped roof covered with unpainted galvanized metal
2. A flat roof with a light-colored membrane covering
3. A green asphalt shingle
4. A dark red terra cotta tile

82. A facility agrees to lower its electricity use for one hour when it receives a request from its energy provider. The facility profits from the sale of this released demand. This is an example of

1. peak shaving.
2. load shifting.
3. load shedding.
4. a demand response arrangement.

83. What is the key difference between ENERGY STAR's Statement of Energy Performance (SEP) and the Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) used in the United Kingdom?

1. The EPC is required by law.
2. The SEP includes comparisons with other structures.
3. The EPC provides an energy use intensity rating for the building.
4. The SEP is required for all buildings, but the EPC is required only for new buildings.

84. How does having facility standard operating procedures (SOPs) for green cleaning improve the outsourcing of facility cleaning to contractors? Facility cleaning SOPs: Select two.

1. can be used to generate key performance indicators for cleaning contracts.
2. define environmentally friendly types of products and methods to be used.
3. improve the social equitability of facility cleaning by increasing minority employment.
4. usually result in lower bids.

85. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) is designing a facility recycling program and is conducting a Triple Bottom Line analysis of the initiative to confirm proceeding with a proposal to upper management. Which of the following questions reflect the need for the initiative to be viable? Select two.

1. Can I motivate occupants to participate?
2. How will this initiative affect the facility's waste handling costs?
3. Is there a market for the recyclable waste the facility generates?
4. How will the facility's recycling process affect the use of finite materials?

86. A large municipal facility includes a sizeable customer service area on the entry level, private offices, and open work areas. The facility manager has been reading about daylight harvesting systems and wonders if such a system would be a good investment for this facility. At the direction of the local government, each facility has a sustainability committee. At a meeting the Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) describes daylight harvesting. A representative of facility occupants challenges that this proposal is all about reducing use of electricity but does not fulfill the social aspects of the Triple Bottom Line. It does not help occupants. How should the SFP respond?

1. The technology behind daylight harvesting has been tested and will perform as promised.
2. Daylight harvesting ensures lighting levels are adequate for occupants while providing more natural light which helps productivity.
3. The proposal provides greater control to occupants over their lighting.
4. The proposal does provide benefits by decreasing the facility's use of indirect energy and potentially

87. Which of the following statements best explains the usefulness of a facility's Energy Use Index (EUI) to the organization's sustainable energy plan? The EUI

1. identifies specific energy wasters within a facility.
2. is a key determinant of maximum occupancy levels.
3. is a benchmark against which the facility manager can measure future facility energy performance.
4. tracks facility energy use and can be used to negotiate favorable rates from energy companies.

88. A Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) in a northern climate wants to manage snow and ice removal in a sustainable manner. What sustainable initiatives could the SFP take? Select two.

1. Identify and eliminate potential hazards.
2. Eliminate the use of chemical deicers.
3. Increase concentration of deicing solutions.
4. Provide training to employees on correct procedures.

89. Who are the most important groups that should be educated on the recycling program? Select two.

1. C-Suite
2. Facility management staff
3. Recycling vendor
4. Occupants

90. Practicing sustainable facility management in the maintenance of heating, cooling and ventilation (HVAC) systems would include: Select two.

1. raising facility cooling setpoint.
2. checking ductwork insulation.
3. recalibrating sensors as changes are made to the system.
4. installing a variable speed drive on a cooling system pump.

91. Which of the following causes have been associated with Building Related Illness (BRI)? Select three.

1. Excessive carbon dioxide levels
2. Mold spores
3. Radon
4. Unsustainable lighting
5. Excessive vibration

92. Graywater is:

1. domestic wastewater from kitchen, bathroom and laundry sinks, tubs and washing machines.
2. sewage that has been chemically treated to allow reuse.
3. rainwater collected from facility roof and directed into holding tanks for reuse.
4. water withdrawals from onsite sources, rather than municipal sources

93. What information will a waste management assessment provide a Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP)? Select three.

1. The volume of waste being generated
2. Contractors who can collect and process recycled waste
3. The number of recycling bins needed for collection
4. Current waste disposal practices
5. Patterns of waste generation within the facility

94. What is the traditional method of waste disposal?

1. Recycling
2. Landfill
3. Incineration
4. Reusing

95. Which of the following changes or trends in workplaces have affected how we define a sustainable workplace? Select two.

1. More work is performed in isolation and requires freedom from distraction.
2. Reorganizations are less common.
3. Workplace interactions have become more virtual.
4. Occupants accomplish more of their work away from assigned desk or work areas.

96. An electronic document management system can best improve sustainability by: Select two.

1. decreasing carbon emissions from mailing process.
2. restricting access to documents.
3. tracking use of printers.
4. reducing the need for copying.

97. Before beginning to develop facility energy initiatives for the coming three-year period, a Sustainability Facility Professional (SFP) should be aware of: Select three.

1. Regulatory environment and requirements
2. Planned nuclear power plant projects in region
3. Pricing for different forms of energy
4. Facility energy use patterns
5. Design and installation of onsite power generation

98. Which of the following food service operation practices help reduce waste through reuse? Select two.

1. Purchasing serving pieces made from recycled materials.
2. Instructing staff on how to reduce china breakage in dishwashers.
3. Providing caps for kitchen staff to wear instead of paper hats.
4. Providing individual servings of cream for beverage service.

99. A Sustainability Facility Processional (SFP) assesses the facility's food service operations to see if they can be made more sustainable. The operations consist of full-service cafeteria, two canteens with limited menu options and about 8 vending machine areas (each area has at least 3 machines). The cafeteria was designed two years ago, and at this time all appliances were upgraded. The redesign included complete interior redesign, including new lighting. All services use paper and plastic. The food service operator was also changed two years ago because of dissatisfaction with previous menus. Surveys now show that occupant satisfaction is very high, and management is satisfied with current costs. Which of the following options represent the SFP's best choices for sustainable initiatives? Select two.

1. Replace appliances with more energy and water efficient models.
2. Work with the operator to replace paper and plastic in the cafeteria with reusable dining ware.
3. Install devices on vending machines to conserve energy.
4. Work with the food service operator to do a major revision of the menu to include more healthful items.

100. Which of the following functions can most Building Automation Systems (BAS) perform? Select three.

1. Issuing orders to building systems in real time
2. Recalibration of building sensors
3. Staging of building systems
4. Issuing alerts of performance outside parameters
5. Energy purchasing