Telstra Corporation Limited's Essay On Knowledge And Information Management.

Upon the successful completion of this module, the student should be able to demonstrate the ability to:
Evaluate the concept and importance of knowledge management in terms of an organisation’s knowledge assets and their management;
Understand the key knowledge management processes required for organisational development; 
Develop a framework for establishing a knowledge management culture

Knowledge is stated as the familiarity, understanding and awareness of any specific person or thing like information, skills, facts and descriptions that are solely acquired either by experience or by education through learning, discovering and perceiving (Ichijo and Nonaka 2006). This knowledge could either be referred to the theoretical or the practical understanding of the subject. This could be explicit, which means theoretical understanding of subject or could be implicit, which means practical expertise or skill. The knowledge is either less formal and is systematic in nature.

KM or knowledge management is stated as the procedure to create, share, use as well as manage knowledge or information for a company (Sanchez 2003). The knowledge management also refers to the multidisciplinary approach for achieving the various activities of organization by simply making the utilization of knowledge. This knowledge management affects the business administrations, information science, and information management and even information systems (Dalkir 2013). The other fields, which contribute to the research of knowledge management are information or media, public policy, computer science and public health. This type of management also focuses on several goals and objectives like competitive advantages, improvised performances, sharing of the lessons, innovation, continuous improvisation of company and integration. All of these efforts then overlap with the learning of organization and could be distinguished with the help of better focus on knowledge management as the strategic asset and even on the encouragement of knowledge sharing (Hislop, Bosua and Helms 2018).

Information management is the procedure, through which the specified information is eventually provided to the decision makers within timely manner. This information management has been defined from the perspective of information system and even equated with information technology management (Jones and Sallis 2013). The information management encompasses the systems or processes in organizations for proper creation and utilization of corporate information. It even aims in getting the appropriate information for the correct person at right place and time. The information management also concerns about the cycle of organizational activities and the acquisition of relevant information from one and more sources and even the distribution of information for those, who are needing it (Becerra-Fernandez and Sabherwal 2014). The following report outlines the knowledge and information management for Telstra Corporation Limited with relevant details.

Telstra Corporation Limited is the largest company of telecommunications in Australia that builds as well as operates the various networks of telecommunication, mobile services, Internet access or any other services and products. This particular organization is completely privatised and is undergoing significant change programs for the purpose of becoming extremely customer focused and efficient. They provide around 4.9 million of retail fixed voice service, 17.7 million of retail mobile service and 3.6 million of retail fixed broadband service. The network connection is highly improvised with the various services provided by Telstra. Being one of the most popular organizations, they have focused mainly on knowledge or information management. This has helped them in resolving the various issues regarding organizational data and business processes. Moreover the complexities of knowledge and data management are easily removed with the proper application of tools and techniques.

Evaluation and Importance of Knowledge Management in Telstra Corporation Ltd

Telstra is the largest organization of telecommunications in Australia and hence comprises of various business processes and techniques (Holtshouse 2013). The increasingly technological nature of businesses as well as its unpredictable long term impact refers to the fact that Telstra Corporation Limited is continuously undergoing several changes and thus facing some of the major challenges after fostering new capabilities, dispositions and knowledge. The examples of these challenges like response to the positivity in changing, development of critical awareness, embracing the technological understanding and many more (Alegre, Sengupta and Lapiedra 2013). Innovation is also fostered for this knowledge management and then knowledge is moved towards forward. Hence, they have incorporated knowledge management within their business.

It is extremely important for them since knowledge management is the discipline, which helps in promoting the integrated approach for proper identification, capturing, evaluation, retrieval as well as sharing of the major information assets of the particular organization (Noruzy et al. 2013). All of these information assets subsequently include documents, processes, policies and even databases of the company. The integrated approach is undertaken for maintaining the productive, innovative and agile working environment. The easy accessibility and affordability of the technology is also enhanced and could be easily deployed with the help of knowledge management (Sultan 2013). The main reasons of knowledge management becoming important are given below:

1. i) The first and the foremost reason is that it helps in ensuring that the relevant information as well as resources is getting accessed by the organizational employees, whenever they require that information (AF Ragab and Arisha 2013).
2. ii) The second reason of knowledge management importance would be that the important knowledge is eventually kept in the businesses, when the staffs move on from the respective businesses.

iii) Another significant reason is that knowledge management helps to avoid the duplicated efforts (Donate and de Pablo 2015).

1. iv) The next significant reason of knowledge management being important is that it undertakes advantages of the various existing expertise.
2. v) The procedures or technique are standardized with knowledge management for Telstra Corporation Limited.

The above mentioned reasons substantially lead to most effective and efficient decision making as well as easy collaboration (Del Giudice and Maggioni 2014). Hence, growth and innovation are easily stimulated. Thus, with the help of knowledge management, Telstra can help its customers and staffs to share, update and access the business information and knowledge.

Data, information and knowledge are the essential requirement, which would enable the better understanding of technological world. The analysis could be enabled after the brief understanding of several enunciated concepts (García-Holgado, García-Peñalvo and Rodríguez-Conde 2015). The relationships between data, information as well as knowledge and the complexities are also properly explained. This information is regarding any organization and hence could not be termed as the isolated element within the procedure of knowledge acquisition. On the other hand, data are considered as the basic composition of that relevant information and knowledge for any particular segment could be provided by the reprocessing of information. A proper linear sequence is present that is provided from the information to important knowledge and data to relevant information (Pandey and Dutta 2013). These relationships between data, information and knowledge are quite straightforward, since the organizational management know when they could harvest data; however do not have the capability of extracting appropriate information and analysing them in a specific systematic manner. A proper and complete representation of process complexity is solely provided with this type of relationship.

Data is the atomic representation of any concept, observed fact, symbol or sign either natural or artificial. It is the observation result, which could be either more or less accurate and could be inspired by any problem or issue to be resolved (Lee et al. 2013).  Hence, it can be stated that data are the results of the categorization, comparison or measures of objectives that are to be observed. The data could even be fixed for any particular organization for allowing either to be processed, managed or even sent by the automated system.

1.1 Relationship between Data, Information and Knowledge

Information is stated as the result of data processing for making them completely significant for the several users (Reich, Gemino and Sauer 2014). This particular procedure hence provides meaning to the raw data and hence it provides the implications that the proper symmetry for this subject or phenomenon is eventually broken. The information are the well formed data that are meaningful and organized. The main relationship between data, knowledge and information is that data are the major components that provide meaning to information and that helps in contributing for the generation of knowledge (Dent and Whitehead 2013). The proper syntax is also highlighted for making the data quite usable and information composition.

Knowledge is stated as the high level of comprehension about information harvesting regarding any particular topic. This knowledge is the significant level, which provides permission for using the generic law and not on collecting information in respect to their perceptions and experiences (Omotayo 2015). The increment in knowledge substantially refers to the fact that information, which enrich information level should be gained and the data harvesting, information composition or knowledge creation is also checked until and unless the level of knowledge is being satisfied. The knowledge is also improved and expanded with the help of information.

The information that is believed by any individual to be completely justified as truth and stored in memory within the cognitive structure by cognitive procedure is termed as individual knowledge (North and Kumta 2018). The proper learning or knowledge sharing within the organization of Telstra subsequently starts with all individuals. The personal capacities, learning, preferences of communication, work patterns and learning substantially influence the procedure of the engagement of any individual with their respective work context. Since, Telstra is a telecommunications organization in Australia, it is quite important for them to have a proper management of individual knowledge (Ahern, Leavy and Byrne 2014). The overall work culture broadly influences on how efficient and effective the efforts of individual are working or knowledge sharing, learning and even motivation of staffs. Furthermore, the support and establishment of minimum standards within communication or any other competency becomes relevant for learning and even requires the effective resource commitment or leadership from top (Ling 2013). The individuals or staffs of Telstra have distinct range of choices regularly like prioritization, critical reflection of current practices or assumptions, seeking out learning from outside and also making effort in sharing innovations, lessons and ideas widely. The approach or capacity are also focused for embedding better practices in Telstra and then the best return over investment is being identified for supporting the resources (Wang, Meister and Gray 2013).

The organizational knowledge is majorly linked with group knowledge. There are several variations that involve the significant extent to which this knowledge is being spread in the company and also the original making up of the relevant knowledge (Dorasamy, Raman and Kaliannan 2013). When the group knowledge from several groups and subunits are amalgamated together and used for creating new knowledge, the respective resulting tacit as well as explicit knowledge is termed as organizational knowledge. The internal knowledge based software is one of the most effective solution for organizational knowledge. The individual knowledge or shared knowledge are the various views and aspects for organizational knowledge (Martín-de Castro 2015). Hence, this organizational knowledge for Telstra is termed as each and every knowledge resource in their business, which could be realistically tapped by them. The organizational knowledge could even reside in groups and individuals and could also exist at the respective organizational level. The relationship between individual and organizational knowledge would be that individual knowledge helps to make the group knowledge and group knowledge helps in making the organizational knowledge (Evans, Dalkir and Bidian 2014). Moreover, both of these types of knowledge help in enhancing the knowledge management in Telstra and are involved in the complete spectrum of knowledge.

There are several modelling techniques that are required for identifying the knowledge assets of Telstra Corporation Limited. These knowledge assets are the knowledge drivers for bringing subsequent success in the organization (Patil and Kant 2014). The assets of knowledge could be either both tacit and unstructured knowledge and there is a strong deep expertise for the key personnel or could be explicit and structured knowledge and even codified. The major examples of the knowledge assets are copyrights, intellectual properties and patents within codified form. The more the assets are structured, the more these are codified and easy in sharing internal or external knowledge. There could be some knowledge pieces, which are less valuable from Telstra’s point of view (Zhang, De Pablos and Zhou 2013). Moreover, there is a core capability that the knowledge helps in competing properly. The performance critical knowledge assets are mapped with structured and unstructured knowledge assets. The unstructured knowledge assets refers to the tacit experience of the staffs working in Telstra.

The major knowledge assets of Telstra are people, process and technologies. The several technologies refer to the organizational technologies as well as knowledge regarding related problems (Gholami et al. 2013). As per a survey, last year Telstra has opened up their patents to the competitors and they have not provided proper knowledge to their engineers regarding these patents. The next part of the network of knowledge subsequently stays in the organization and is also not shared any more. The various modelling techniques help to construct the conceptual model of knowledge intensive activity (Grant 2015). During the stage of knowledge acquisition, most of the knowledge is completely unstructured and tacit. The importance of this knowledge modelling would be that in knowledge management, the several models help to understand the complete working procedure of knowledge based systems like methods and tasks. This modelling even contributes to the subsequent understanding of knowledge sources and other inputs and outputs (L?z?roiu 2015).

The actual knowledge assets are unstructured and tacit knowledge and the potential knowledge assets are structured and explicit knowledge (Kim et al. 2014). The actual knowledge assets or tacit knowledge is much difficult for transferring to any other person by significant means of verbalizing or writing it. One of the most common example of this type of knowledge is that London is in the UK and is the piece of explicit knowledge, which could be eventually transmitted, written down and even understood by the recipients. All types of knowledge that require complex equipment are much difficult to transfer to the other people (Tzortzaki and Mihiotis 2014). The tacit knowledge for Telstra organization would be that this could not be codified completely and hence the individual could eventually acquire the tacit knowledge without proper specifications.

The potential knowledge assets are structured and explicit in nature. This type of knowledge could be easily accessed and codified. The main difference between tacit and explicit knowledge would be that explicit knowledge could be transmitted or shared easily and every form of this knowledge could be stored in specific media. The business procedures and documents of Telstra Corporation Limited are the major examples of this specific knowledge (Sigala and Chalkiti 2015). The human skills, knowledge and motives are externalized with the help of explicit knowledge. These are much easier in communicating, storing and distributing the knowledge.

The acquisition of knowledge solely involves the complicated cognitive processes, communication, reasoning and perception and knowledge is even termed to be related to the proper capacity of the acknowledgement within human beings (Bosua and Venkitachalam 2013). In IT, the knowledge is the proper possession of data or even the capability for quickly locating it. For the context of business enterprises, knowledge tends for connoting possession of experienced know how and the possession of the facts and even the locating of getting it. The enterprises have currently started for treating the accumulated knowledge as the asset and even developing applications and plans of knowledge management (Wu and Chen 2014). The application of data mining eventually attempts in developing knowledge from the accumulated business data and transactions of the organization.

The knowledge management processes and frameworks are properly presented and checked for any organization. The process of knowledge management is completely universal for the specific organization and the various resources that are utilized like techniques and tools could be completely unique for the organizational environment (Inkinen, Kianto and Vanhala 2015). The major steps of knowledge management process are as follows:

1. i) Collection of Data: The first and the foremost step in this process of knowledge management is the proper collection of data. If any type of irrelevant or incorrect data is being collected, the resulting knowledge might not be termed as accurate in nature and thus the decisions made on those knowledge would be improper and wrong.
2. ii) Organization of Data: The next step in this particular procedure of knowledge management is the proper organization of the collected data. This organization is done on the basis of few rules and the rules are defined by Telstra (Kimble 2013). Being a telecommunications company, it is important for Telstra to maintain their database accurately and hence the data would be organized. Finally, the organized data becomes information.

iii) Summarization of Information: In the next, the information is being summarized for obtaining the importance of it. The significant lengthy information could be presented either in graphical or in tabular form and could be stored properly.

1. iv) Analysis of Information: The fourth step of this process of knowledge management for Telstra Corporation Limited is that the summarized information is properly analysed for finding for the relationships, patterns and redundancies (Chang and Lin 2015). The experts or the expert teams must be assigned for the core purpose since the experience of the staffs play important role.
2. v) Synthesizing of Knowledge: In this particular step, the information becomes knowledge. The results of analyses are amalgamated together for deriving several artefacts and concepts. The knowledge is also stored within the knowledge base of Telstra and could even be accessed from anywhere by the connection of Internet.
3. vi) Decision Making with Knowledge: The final step of the knowledge management process is that the synthesized knowledge is utilized for decision making purpose (Inkinen 2016). Hence, the estimation is accelerated and higher accuracy is added.

The relevant and important knowledge in Telstra Corporation Ltd could be eventually created, stored, applied and integrated with proper requirements. The respective storing, capturing or even sharing of these knowledge would be extremely critical for the knowledge management system (Ahern, Leavy and Byrne 2014). It eventually starts with the proper identification of the location, where the knowledge of organization is being kept. Hence, the process is then referred to as the knowledge mapping. It also involves the documentation of decision making processes and work flows for the identification of major knowledge workers in the company. The proper creation, utilization as well as disseminating knowledge is also checked with knowledge management. The storing of knowledge majorly involves the collection of relevant documents as well as organizing them within a meaningful manner (Wang, Meister and Gray 2013). There are several aspects or features of knowledge that are subsequently not recorded within formalized manner. The knowledge capturing even require the more proactive methodologies like conducting of interviews with the chosen groups and individuals. Moreover, the information like groups, interests, experiences, names, knowledge and many more are present for Telstra and these are created, stored, applied and integrated. These information are utilized as the respective corner stone point of the systematic knowledge as well as learning initiatives for this organization of Telstra (Omotayo 2015).

The first and the foremost step in storing and creating knowledge in Telstra conducting thorough and cross functional research. Furthermore, the technology plan is being outlined and the correct analytic capabilities are eventually built out. Telstra even focuses on the continuous improvement of the business operations and the knowledgebase needs rigorous structure or planning (Reich, Gemino and Sauer 2014). Moreover, these knowledge bases also comprise of several moving parts and hence they need various requirements for succeeding substantially. They also focus on their customer satisfaction and regarding the product development, they maintain a proper sequence and take proper follow ups for avoiding the major risks.  

 IP or intellectual property is the significant category of property, which involves the intangible creation of human intellect as well as primary encompassing of copyrights, trademarks and patents (García-Holgado, García-Peñalvo and Rodríguez-Conde 2015). The intellectual property even involves the other kinds of rights like publicity rights, rights against the unfair competition, trade secrets and moral rights. The most important purpose of the intellectual property law is encouraging the proper creation of larger variety of several intellectual goods. For the purpose of achieving this, the specific law provides businesses and people property rights for creating information or intellectual goods for the restricted time period (Del Giudice and Maggioni 2014). The respective intangible nature of IP provides major difficulties as soon as they are being compared to the traditional property such as goods and land. The investments within these intellectual goods subsequently suffer from various issues of appropriation.

In Telstra, intellectual property rights majorly focus on trademarks, patents, copyrights or even concepts of intellectual property law. It even includes the international customers for fostering the cooperation with this organization (AF Ragab and Arisha 2013). The copyright IP eventually covers the literary works and are related to the copyright after including the services and products provided by them. The intellectual property hence involves the patents for inventions in their business.

The various consulting organizations also provide advice about knowledge management for these companies. For the enterprise, the early collections of the case studies are being identified for the importance of the dimensions of knowledge management regarding measurements, processes and strategies (Noruzy et al. 2013). There are some of the basic lessons that are being learned after including the cultural principles and people that solely influence the behaviours. These cultural principles and people are considered as the most significant resources for proper creation, application and elimination of knowledge, organizational, social and cognitive procedures that are required for the success of knowledge management strategies. Hence, the cultural changes are also derived substantially (Holtshouse 2013). These programs of knowledge management could also yield the impressive advantages for the organizations and individuals, when they are concrete and action oriented.

The knowledge management frameworks are extremely important and significant for the organization of Telstra. The model of this organization solely integrate several elements and all of these elements require to establish the culture of knowledge management. The most significant steps for building the framework of knowledge management are as follows:

1. i) Identification of Needs: The first and the foremost step to build the framework of knowledge management is identification of needs (Alegre, Sengupta and Lapiedra 2013). Telstra should identify their basic needs and gain subsequent knowledge how to proceed with their framework.
2. ii) Identification of Knowledge Resources: The respective knowledge resources of the organization of Telstra Corporation Limited are identified in the next step. The knowledge resources are termed as intellectual capitals and are the respective framing devices to understand these resources or related elements.

iii) Acquisition, Creation and Elimination of Knowledge Resources: In the third step, the knowledge resources should be acquired, created and finally eliminated or eradicated (Hislop, Bosua and Helms 2018). Moreover, these knowledge related resources should also be processed eventually.

1. iv) Retrieval, Sharing or Applying Knowledge: The knowledge resources should be retrieved, shared and finally applied within Telstra. The proper retrieval and application of knowledge resources help the organization in gaining utmost popularity and bringing innovation.
2. v) Storing of Knowledge: The relevant knowledge should be stored and this type of storage is important for Telstra Corporation Limited to maintain their respective database and undertake proper and important decisions by the process of decision making (Ichijo and Nonaka 2006).

The knowledge assets of Telstra are the major requirements for bringing changes and innovation within their business. The most significant objective of the knowledge assets is to provide major advantages to the respective organization and even enable them to measure their knowledge effectively (Becerra-Fernandez and Sabherwal 2014). The knowledge production and distribution are the two major contributions of knowledge assets of Telstra. Copyrights, intellectual property rights and patents are the most common examples of knowledge assets. The structured as well as unstructured knowledge are also termed as the knowledge assets of this organization. These assets have helped them in making subsequent difference with the ability for competing as well as prospering subsequently. Moreover, the empowerment and sustainability of this organization are also empowered with knowledge assets (Dent and Whitehead 2013). The conceptual skills as well as the technical skills are also checked and specified tasks are to be understood properly. The other contributions of the knowledge assets for this particular organization of Telstra are accessing of information, organizing the information, extraction of knowledge, application of knowledge and finally generation of the new knowledge. The core competencies are also developed and improved for providing them with subsequent competitive advantages. Proper decisions are hence undertaken by them easily and promptly (Ling 2013). Telstra is one of the most popular telecommunications organizations and they have become successful with the help of these knowledge assets.

Various methodologies are being developed for the purpose of organizing as well as ranking the product requirements for the purpose of planning important and reliable strategies of innovation (Martín-de Castro 2015). Knowledge is one of the most important and significant requirement for any organization, since it provides information not only about the organization, but also about their business processes or techniques. The most easy or fast method of evaluating the knowledge is by the evaluation of each product requirement by satisfaction or importance values. The several knowledge requirements in Telstra Corporation Limited could be evaluated with generation of new alternative solutions that come from the activities of problem solving (Evans, Dalkir and Bidian 2014). These activities could be substantially integrated within the process of evaluation. Moreover, the decision making or the innovation strategies are properly supported with assessment of all requirements. The intellectual property helps in the proper determination of an organization capitalizing the creation on the basis of property type and laws of intellectual properties. Hence, knowledge and experience are measured properly and perfectly (Patil and Kant 2014). The trademark law, patent law or copyright law is required to be evaluated significantly without any type of specification.

The knowledge of the Telstra Corporation Limited organization requires to capture or codify their information and often face difficulty in doing so. The most significant resources are present for sharing of knowledge and used in specific type of decision making framework. There are three categories of decisions that should be maintained by various effectiveness and efficiencies (Grant 2015). The events memories are those things, which provide construction of the new facilities and arrival of the new employees. The decision memories help in explaining how this organization of Telstra select one particular policy, path and course of action on another. The process memories help to note how the things could be done for saving time and hence ensuring that there is reliable repetition in future. The outputs are absolutely explicit and the networks could be mapped; thus making them implicit after proper interpretation (L?z?roiu 2015). The certain kinds of platforms and tools, which are more suitable for the knowledge artefact sharing. Telstra even gets benefit from their organizational framework so that they could enable the knowledge sharing effectively.

Telstra has an existing organizational framework that help them to enable their sharing of knowledge. The major recommendations for them to improve their current framework are given below:

1. i) The first and the foremost recommendation for Telstra is to identify the influences for knowledge management. The respective culture, leadership, measurements, structure, information and communication technology and rewards or incentive systems are the major influences of Telstra and these should be checked.
2. ii) The next recommendation for this organization is to update their technology in a periodical manner so that the knowledge sharing is easier.

iii) The employees or staffs of Telstra should be provided subsequent information regarding the new changes in their business and this would help them in taking decisions properly.  

Conclusion

Therefore, from the above discussion, it is concluded that most of the large organizations, non profit organizations and public institutions have the resources that are dedicated to the internal efforts of knowledge management and even as the part of the business  strategies, information technology as well as departments of human resource management. The explicit and tacit knowledge are represented the oversimplification and even the notion of the explicit knowledge is self contradictory. The knowledge sharing is also done for fostering the culture, which could encourage the information sharing, on the basis of the concept that the specific knowledge or facts are not irrevocable and these information must be shared or updated for remaining relevant. This sharing of knowledge even plays the most important role in the services of employees, transfer of inter-project knowledge and sharing of intra or inter organizational knowledge. Moreover, the knowledge mapping, expert systems, collaboration of software technologies and proximity are also checked with knowledge management. The systems of content management or document management help in automating the procedure of creating the web content or other documents.

The procedure of proper collection, storage, management as well as maintenance of information within each and every form is termed as information management. This information management helps in the incorporation of procedures and policies to centrally manage and share information amongst the various individuals, information systems and organizations in the entire life cycle of information. It is also termed as the information asset management. The concept of enterprise information system, in which the organization produce, own and manage the information suite. The relevant information could be within the form of physical data like digitalized data assets. The management of information could even be achieved by systems of purpose built information management and by simply support of business guidelines and processes. The process of sharing and delivering of information is completed to the several recipients after including the different computing device and individuals like servers, website, applications and computers. The above report has clearly outlined the entire concept of knowledge management for the popular organization, known as Telstra Corporation Limited. The knowledge management framework, intellectual property rights are also described here properly. Relevant details are provided in this report regarding Telstra knowledge management.

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